Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids, are synthetic variations of testosterone - the male sex hormone. Anabolics have two main functions: to enhance the process of metabolism and assimilation of substances that construct tissues, and to weaken metabolic reactions associated with the disintegration of complex organic substances. Steroids stimulate protein metabolism and activate a positive nitrogen balance, which facilitates mineral metabolism and delays the necessary potassium, phosphorus, and sulfur for protein synthesis. This, in turn, contributes to calcium retention in the bones.

Since steroids are derivatives of testosterone, they have an androgenic effect, which means they act on male sex hormones. This leads to the development of a male muscular figure, which is one of the key secondary sexual characteristics. Anabolics mimic the action of male sex hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. By accelerating protein synthesis within the cells, steroids lead to hypertrophy of muscle tissue - a process called anabolism.

Due to this anabolic effect, steroids have become popular in bodybuilding. Athletes and bodybuilders use steroids to enhance their physical appearance, increase muscle mass and strength, and reduce body fat to achieve a lean, hard, defined look with pronounced vascularity. Steroids have also been used in medicine for conditions like severe injuries, post-operative or disease recovery, and delayed healing of severe burns and wounds. They are also used for Osteoporosis and during the final stages of cancer. However, the use of steroids for athletic performance far outweighs their medical use.

While steroids may offer some benefits in certain medical situations, they come with a significant risk of side effects. Using steroids for non-medical purposes can have serious consequences for one's health and well-being. Therefore, it is important to approach the use of steroids with caution and under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.